Chapter03 Tests for Diabetes

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These audio videos have been created using artificial intelligence (AI) tools, based on the original content from the book “”माझा मधुमेह, माझे नियंत्रण“ i.e. My Diabetes, My Control.

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Diagnosis and treatment planning in diabetes are determined by a combination of clinical examination (doctor’s assessment) and laboratory tests. The key sugar tests—Fasting (F), Post‑prandial 2 hours (PP), and OGTT—indicate the direction of glycemic control. To avoid the three common causes of hypoglycemia, frequent testing with SMBG/CGM is important. These causes are insufficient food, excessive exertion, or excessive medication. HbA1c reflects the average blood sugar of the past three months. A 1% reduction significantly lowers the risk of complications involving kidneys, feet, heart, and brain. eAG helps translate long‑term control into an average daily value. It is necessary to note whether the sample was taken from a vein. This will affect sugar readings. It is also necessary to note if the sample was taken from a capillary.

During pregnancy, screening for gestational diabetes (GDM) and antibody/genetic tests for Type 1 help with timely diagnosis. For cardiac risk, ECG, 2D‑echo, and TMT are useful. Keeping the LDL/HDL/TG components of the lipid profile within target ranges reduces the risk of heart disease. For kidney protection, an annual urinary micro‑albumin (UMA) test is necessary. In short, doing the right test at the right time is crucial. Regular monitoring and accurate interpretation of numbers are the most effective tools to control diabetes. They help prevent complications. Everyone aged 35+ (and from 25+ if there is family history) should get annual sugar testing.